The GDS Hollow Cylinder Torsional Shear Apparatus (GDSHCA) allows for control and measurement of axial displacement/load, rotational displacement/torque, outer cell pressure, inner cell pressure, and back pressure applied to hollow cylindrical soil specimens. Axial and rotational displacements/loads may be applied monotonically or cyclically, with cyclic frequencies ranging up to 5 Hz. The apparatus enables a very wide range of stress paths and deformation modes to be applied to soil elements, including shearing soil to very large shear strains.
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